The dark reality of separation of East Timor

Final Push, As Happened With East Timor

East Timor, or Timor-Leste as it is officially called, was under Portuguese occupation for 206 years, from 1769 to 1975. The Portuguese colonists were driven away by Indonesia in 1975. But by that time, the Portuguese had succeeded in converting all the people of the eastern part of the island to Christianity through allurements or brute force.

After being forced to leave East Timor, Portugal and some other Christian nations started encouraging dissidence against Indonesia and even sponsored a full-blown civil war. Portugal and these Christian nations supported Chrisitian militias, namely the Revolutionary Front, for an Independent East Timor (commonly known as ‘Fretilin’, the acronym of its Portuguese name) in East Timor to create unrest.

The unrest and insurgency fuelled a crackdown by Indonesian forces. And as happens with such crackdowns on insurgency, the Indonesian forces committed excesses that were then leveraged by the Christian East Timorians to create a narrative that they were being persecuted because of their faith by Muslim-majority Indonesia.

The conflict intensified, and that triggered demands for independence. The US, which had earlier supported Indonesia, withdrew support for Jakarta in 1991 after Indonesian troops killed an estimated 200 violent demonstrators.

The withdrawal of US support led to the downfall of President Suharto. His successor, B J Habibie, was forced to agree (by the US, Australia, and other Christian nations) to a proposal for a plebiscite in East Timor.

A large majority of the Christians voted for independence in August 1999, and this led to intense clashes between the Fretilin and East Timorese militias who preferred to remain with Indonesia.

Indonesia was again forced to allow a United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping Force to restore order and maintain peace. The UN also took over the administration of East Timor later that year. 

After months of strife, the first democratic elections were held under UN supervision in East Timor in August 2001. On 20 May 2002, East Timor was formally recognised as an independent nation by the US and other Western countries, as well as by the UN.

The Portuguese tried the same tactics in Goa, but were unsuccessful because they had failed to convert a majority of Goans to Chrisitianity, and also because Sardar Patel had foiled their plans.

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