The pro government extremist and terrorist organisation of alawite government.

The Shabiha are unofficial pro-government militias drawn largely from Syria's Alawite minority group. Since the uprising, the Baathist Syrian government has been accused of using shabiha to break up protests and enforce laws in restive neighborhoods.[9] As the protests escalated into an armed conflict, the opposition started using the term shabiha to describe civilians they suspected of supporting Bashar al-Assad and the Syrian government and clashing with pro-opposition demonstrators.[10] The opposition blames the shabiha for the many violent excesses committed against anti-government protesters and opposition sympathizers,[10] as well as looting and destruction.[11] In December 2012, the shabiha were designated a terrorist organization by the United States.[12]

Bassel al-Assad is reported to have created the shabiha in the 1980s for government use in times of crisis.[13] Shabiha have been described as "a notorious Alawite paramilitary, who are accused of acting as unofficial enforcers for Assad's government";[14] "gunmen loyal to Assad",[15] and, according to the Qatar-based Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, "semi-criminal gangs comprised of thugs close to the government".[15] Despite the group's image as an Alawite militia, some shabiha operating in Aleppo have been reported to be Sunnis.[16] In 2012, the Assad government created a more organized official militia known as the Jaysh al-Sha'bi, allegedly with help from Iran and Hezbollah. As with the shabiha, the vast majority of Jaysh al-Sha'bi members are Alawite and Shi'ite volunteers

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